After his baccalaureate, Bertrand completed a double-diploma in modern literature and social sciences at Sciences Po and the Sorbonne's Faculty of Letters. He then spent a year on exchange at the University of Toronto, where he studied political philosophy and theater studies, before returning to Paris to begin a master's degree in cultural policy and administration at Sciences Po. He also studied for a master's degree in theater studies at the University of Paris-Nanterre, where he wrote a dissertation on the work of stage directors Mohamed El Khatib and Armel Roussel.

Alongside his student activities, Bertrand organized the Ecarts Festival (formerly Rideau Rouge) for two years, at the Théâtre de la Bastille and the Théâtre de la Cité Internationale. He also wrote a number of articles for the Sciences Po Arts Office webzine, L'Artichaut, which helped him become an assiduous and inquisitive spectator.

Taking advantage of a gap year, he worked for a year in the public relations and communications departments of the Théâtre national de la Colline, until July 2018, before returning to his studies and joining the association Os in January 2019, at the end of his studies.